"Teaching for food" refers to a phenomena where teachers teach for the express purpose of helping a student achieve the best possible mark in their examinations. The phrase 'teaching for food' emerged because teachers who produce better-scoring academic results generally get more promotions and bonuses compared to a teacher who does not.

From the early days where divorce was banned in the past in most countries (currently, divorce is legal in most countries), to granting divorce only on grounds of fault (by one party) and requiring mutual consent, to progressing to the allowing for unilateral divorce which could be filed by either spouse, after a period of separation (normally it is 3 years of separation), the trend for divorce is to make it easier, faster, cheaper and less acrimonious. No-fault divorces and unilateral divorces with no separation requirement are now legalized and many countries are adopting these new divorce laws.

NATO’s open-door policy states that any qualified European country, with the acceptance of all NATO member states, can join the alliance. In effect, this puts no cap on NATO expansion. Although Ukraine cannot join NATO because it does not meet the requirements, the possibility of its membership has been a large source of friction with Russia, which has issued an ultimatum that Russian troops will not be removed from the Ukrainian border unless NATO ceases its open door policy.

Humanae Vitae (which translates to On The Regulation of Birth) is a papal directive in 1967 that was meant to resolve a theological debate over whether Catholics should be allowed to use artificial methods of birth control. In the lead-up to Humane Vitae, the Catholic Church commissioned a study into whether it was theologically allowable for Catholics to use artificial methods of birth control. 64 of 69 members of the Pontifical Commission on Birth Control found that it was theologically acceptable for Catholics to do so. However, when announced, Humanae Vitae banned Catholics from using all means of artificial birth control e.g. condoms, oral contraceptive pills, etc. Humanae Vitae has been used in predominantly Catholic countries to deny government sponsorship of contraceptives or birth control programmes. For the purposes of this debate, assume that Popes can rescind the directive of a previous pope.

NATO’s open-door policy states that any qualified European country, with the acceptance of all NATO member states, can join the alliance. In effect, this puts no cap on NATO expansion. Although Ukraine cannot join NATO because it does not meet the requirements, the possibility of its membership has been a large source of friction with Russia, which has issued an ultimatum that Russian troops will not be removed from the Ukrainian border unless NATO ceases its open door policy.

In the past fifty years, global average fertility rates have halved from 5 children per woman in 1968, to 2.5 children per woman in 2017. This trend began in developed countries and has been most concentrated there: Japan and Spain are already experiencing population loss. By the end of the century, almost every country and all continents are projected to have shrinking populations. However, life expectancy has also increased as birth rates have fallen: the result is a population that has significantly more older people than younger people.

The Great Resignation, also known as the Big Quit, is an economic trend in which employees voluntarily resign from their jobs world-wide in great numbers, beginning in early 2021, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the restaurant, hotel, hospital and technology industries world-wide.